In October 1962, American satellites captured images of Soviet missiles in Cuba, triggering thirteen days of nuclear brinkmanship. Sixty years later, new satellite photographs reveal another military buildup on Cuban soil. One hundred miles from American territory, Chinese engineers construct advanced surveillance facilities. Forty-five miles from Guantanamo Bay, listening posts track American communications. Russian warships patrol Cuban waters as Beijing expands its intelligence-gathering capabilities across the island. The Cold War mirror reflects a new reality, raising a serious national security question for Washington that remains unanswered: What are America’s biggest rivals doing in its backyard?