Kai Shan 1 is the export version of the Hóng Qí 12 high-altitude medium-range air defense missile system (HQ-12), researched and manufactured by Jiangnan Aviation Industry Company in 1967. The KS-1 program was started in the 1980s, to replace the Hóng Qí 2 missile complex (HQ-2), a reverse-engineered copy of the Soviet S-75 Dvina.